一.现代体育场馆电声系统的主要特征大体可以概括为叁个方面：
1、 The main characteristics of electroacoustic system in modern sports venues can be summarized into three aspects:
更加注重场馆观众席和场地的声音效果；
Pay more attention to the sound effect of the auditorium and venue;
为满足大型体育比赛的开幕式、闭幕式或文艺演出的使用需要，更加注重配备相应的"流动"扩声系统；
In order to meet the needs of the opening ceremony, closing ceremony or artistic performance of large-scale sports competitions, more attention should be paid to the allocation of corresponding "mobile" sound reinforcement system;
电声系统更加注重采用数字化网络传输与控制系统等。
The electroacoustic system pays more attention to the use of digital network transmission and control system.
二.体育场馆电声系统主要包括有
2、 The electroacoustic system of sports venues mainly includes
1.满足体育比赛的现场扩声系统
1. On site sound reinforcement system for sports competition
2.满足开幕式、闭幕式和大型文艺演出的流动扩声系统
2. Mobile sound reinforcement system for opening ceremony, closing ceremony and large-scale artistic performance
3.满足多级广播(含紧急广播)的自动优先播出系统
3. Automatic priority broadcasting system meeting multi-level broadcasting (including emergency broadcasting)
4.数字网络化信号传递和控制系统
4. Digital networked signal transmission and control system
5.功放及信号传送故障自动检测系统等
5. Power amplifier and signal transmission fault automatic detection system, etc
叁.体育场馆对扩声系统的基本要求
3、 Basic requirements for sound reinforcement system in stadiums and gymnasiums
1.体育场馆经常性的使用是体育比赛或群众集会，因而对扩声系统的基求要求是，要保证语言扩声的可懂度（或清晰度）。这看似简单在实施中要能真正满足体育场馆观众座席（或大多数观众座席）具有良好的听闻并非易事。
1. Stadiums and gymnasiums are often used for sports competitions or mass gatherings. Therefore, the basic requirement for sound reinforcement system is to ensure the intelligibility (or clarity) of language sound reinforcement. This seems simple. It is not easy to really meet the good hearing of stadium audience seats (or most audience seats) in implementation.
2.体育场馆的使用如果有大型运动会的开幕式、闭幕式或大型高水平的文艺演出，这时扩声系统配以高质量的"流动系统"与原有的"固定"安装系统联合使用，会效果较佳也是比较经济的方式。
2. If the use of stadiums and gymnasiums has the opening ceremony, closing ceremony of large-scale sports games or large-scale high-level literary and artistic performances, the sound reinforcement system is combined with high-quality "mobile system" and the original "fixed" installation system, which will have better effect and more economical way.
3.现代体育场馆的观众群体有别于传统的"观众"，更多的是支持参赛队的"球迷"拉拉队，体育比赛过程气氛热烈。但是对扩声而言"背景噪声"级增大了且是无规的，在扩声系统设计中应予以充分注意。
3. The audience group of modern stadiums and gymnasiums is different from the traditional "audience", which is more cheerleaders of "fans" supporting the participating teams, and the atmosphere during the sports competition is warm. However, for sound reinforcement, the "background noise" level is increased and random, which should be paid full attention to in the design of sound reinforcement system.
四.体育场馆声学特性规范
4、 Specification for acoustic characteristics of sports venues
体育馆声学特性规范
Specification for acoustic characteristics of Gymnasiums
比赛大厅基本分为，综合体育馆比赛大厅；游泳馆比赛大厅和溜冰馆等。
The competition hall is basically divided into comprehensive gymnasium and competition hall; Swimming pool, competition hall and skating hall, etc.
体育场的声学特性
Acoustic characteristics of stadium
体育场声学特性目前国内尚无成文的规范可循。近来世界足联（贵滨贵础）和德国足协（顿贵叠）的有关资料表明，对体育场观众席扩声稳态声压级的要求为105诲叠左右。
At present, there is no written specification for the acoustic characteristics of stadiums in China. Recent data from the World Football Association (FIFA) and the German Football Association (DFB) show that the requirement for the steady-state sound pressure level of stadium auditorium sound reinforcement is about 105dB.
2008北京奥运会对新建或改建体育场馆主扩声系统的声学特性指标要求；
Requirements for acoustic characteristics of the main sound reinforcement system of new or reconstructed stadiums and Gymnasiums in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games;
声压级：正常使用95诲叠；声压级(紧急广播)106诲叠。
Sound pressure level: 95dB in normal use; Maximum sound pressure level (emergency broadcast) 106db.
传输频率特性：语言使用100Hz～ 5KHz ±5dB；
Transmission frequency characteristics: language use 100Hz ~ 5KHz ± 5dB;
音乐使用100Hz～15KHz ±5dB。
100Hz ~ 15KHz ± 5dB is used for music.
语言清晰度：快速语言传递指数搁础厂罢滨&驳别;0.5。
Language intelligibility: rapid language transmission index RASTI ≥ 0.5.
需要指出的是虽然体育场是非封闭空间，在扩声设计中也不能简单地以自由声场来对待这是非常重要的。大多体育场观众席上方多带有"挑棚"存在声反射，一个典型的可容纳几万人座席的体育场空场混响时间会长达5秒左右，满场带观众时的混响时间也会有3秒左右。因而，在扩声系统设计时要予以充分的注意。
It should be pointed out that although the stadium is a non enclosed space, it can not be simply treated as a free sound field in the sound reinforcement design, which is very important. Most stadiums are equipped with "booths" above the auditorium, which has sound reflection. The reverberation time of a typical stadium that can accommodate tens of thousands of seats will be about 5 seconds, and the reverberation time of a full audience will be about 3 seconds. Therefore, full attention should be paid to the design of sound reinforcement system.
五.扩声声场控制是扩声系统设计的根本
5、 Sound reinforcement field control is the basis of sound reinforcement system design
扩声属于应用声学的范畴，无论是室内或是室外扩声都不能脱离使用扩声所处的声学环境(或声场)。扩声的终效果是建声与电声综合效果的体现，所以扩声系统设计的基本问题是声学问题，它是在建声的基础上完成扩声声场的分析与设计计算工作。
Sound reinforcement belongs to the category of applied acoustics. Both indoor and outdoor sound reinforcement cannot be separated from the acoustic environment (or sound field) where sound reinforcement is used. The final effect of sound reinforcement is the embodiment of the comprehensive effect of building sound and electroacoustic, so the basic problem of sound reinforcement system design is acoustic problem. It completes the analysis, design and calculation of sound reinforcement field on the basis of building sound.
如果从扩声系统声学特性指标来测评一个扩声声场，主要有声压级、传输频率特性、声场不均匀度和传声增益等。如果从听感来评价一个扩声声场，主要有语言清晰度和音乐的明晰度以及声音"诸多属性"重放的音质效果等。
If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the acoustic characteristic index of the sound reinforcement system, it mainly includes the maximum sound pressure level, transmission frequency characteristics, sound field non-uniformity and sound transmission gain. If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the sense of hearing, it mainly includes the clarity of language and music, as well as the sound quality effect of the playback of "many attributes" of sound.
