利用灯光手段为舞台照明并为人物、景物造型的艺术，又称舞台照明。其作用是根据演出要求，按照舞台美术的整体构思，运用舞台灯光的技术设备及手段配合演员表演，塑造舞台上的视觉形象。
The use of lighting means for stage lighting and for the characters, scenery modeling art, also known as stage lighting. Its function is to shape the visual image on the stage according to the requirements of performance and the overall conception of stage art, using the technical equipment and means of stage lighting to cooperate with the performance of actors.
舞台灯光在现代舞台演出中的作用:①照明演出，使观众看清演员表演和景物形象；②导引观众视线；③塑造人物形象，烘托情感和展现舞台幻觉；④创造剧中需要的空间环境；⑤渲染剧中气氛;⑥显示时、空转换，突出戏剧矛盾冲突和加强舞台节奏，丰富艺术感染力。有时也配合舞台特技。
The functions of stage lighting in modern stage performance are as follows: 1) lighting performance, so that the audience can see the performance of actors and the image of scenery clearly; ② Guide the audience's sight; ③ Shaping characters, setting off emotions and showing stage illusion; ④ Create the space environment needed in the play; ⑤ Play up the atmosphere of the play; ⑥ It shows the transformation of time and space, highlights the contradiction and conflict of drama, strengthens the rhythm of stage, and enriches the artistic appeal. Sometimes with stage stunts.
在现代演出中，灯光的强度、色彩、照明区的分布，灯光的运动等都具有较大的可塑性与可控性。舞台灯光的艺术效果是随着演出的进展、舞台气氛的不断变换而展现的。舞台灯光是空间艺术与时间艺术的结合体，舞台灯光的历史发展是同戏剧的演变以及科学技术的进步密切相联的。
In modern performance, the intensity, color, distribution of lighting area and the movement of lighting have great plasticity and controllability. The artistic effect of stage lighting is shown with the progress of performance and the continuous change of stage atmosphere. Stage lighting is a combination of space art and time art. The historical development of stage lighting is closely related to the evolution of drama and the progress of science and technology.
舞台灯具按光学结构可分为泛光灯、聚光灯和幻灯叁类；按舞台上安装的部位则又有面光、耳光、脚光、柱光、顶排光、天排光、地排光以及流动光之分。泛光系统是指可以发出均匀柔和的光线并能照射出一定方向灯光的灯具。单独的泛光灯、顶排灯、脚灯和幕灯等一般用于照明天幕、绘画布景或演区。
According to the optical structure, stage lamps can be divided into floodlights, spotlights and slides; According to the installation position on the stage, there are surface light, ear light, foot light, column light, top light, sky light, ground light and flowing light. Floodlight system is a kind of lamp which can emit even and soft light and can irradiate light in a certain direction. Separate floodlights, top row lights, foot lights and curtain lights are generally used to illuminate the sky curtain, painting set or performance area.
聚光系统指能发出定向并能控制光区范围的灯具。一般是用折射原理，通过透镜投出不同的光斑。如用螺纹柔光镜头则能产生边缘柔和的光斑。采用反射光学结构取得聚光效果的灯叫回光灯。幻灯系统是在聚光灯具前再加一组物镜使其投光成像。这种幻灯又可分为：①利用幻灯片成像的投景幻灯；②通过转动的圆盘式链带把云、水、火等活动形象投在景物上的投景幻灯；③利用长焦距物镜使小光斑清晰成像。突出主角形象的追光灯；④椭球面凹镜名为造型灯的灯具。
Concentrating system refers to the lamp which can emit orientation and control the range of light area. Generally, different light spots are projected through the lens according to the principle of refraction. If we use the thread soft light lens, we can produce the light spot with soft edge. The light with reflective optical structure is called return light. The slide system is to add a group of objective lens in front of the spotlight to make it project light and image. This kind of slide can be divided into: (1) projection slide using slide imaging; ② Through the rotating disc type chain belt, the cloud, water, fire and other activity images are projected on the scenery; ③ The long focal length objective is used to make the small spot image clearly. Highlight the image of the leading role of the spotlight; ④ Ellipsoidal concave mirror is a kind of lamp named modeling lamp.
舞台灯光的控制系统须能有用地控制和调配全部灯具并产生谐调的艺术效果。它由电源配电板、调光器及总控制台叁个部分组成。
The control system of stage lighting must be able to effectively control and allocate all lamps and produce harmonious artistic effect. It consists of three parts: power distribution board, dimmer and general console.
舞台灯光设计主要根据剧本、导演要求及舞台美术的总体设想进行艺术构思，绘制布光设计图，并具体安排技术体现工作。灯光设计应能利用多种造型手段，适应不同风格的演出，如有的演出要求表现出写实主义的风格，而有的则要求创造出抽象的、写意的或隐喻的意境。
Stage lighting design is mainly based on the script, the director's requirements and the overall idea of stage art to carry out artistic conception, draw the light layout design, and arrange the work of technical embodiment. Lighting design should be able to use a variety of modeling means to adapt to different styles of performances. For example, some performances require the performance of realistic style, while others require the creation of abstract, freehand or metaphorical artistic conception.
