1、喇叭单元。喇叭单元的主要构造由扼环、音盆、定芯支片、磁路(包括磁体、T铁、音圈)，盆架等组成，而影响音箱寿命除音圈被非正常使用烧毁外，主要就是扼环和音盆了。扼环：扼环材料寿命顺序为布边、胶塑复合边、硅橡胶边、泡沫边……。较易损坏的是泡沫边，由于采用了泡沫边的喇叭单元，在正常使用3-5年里就折裂几乎报废。当然泡沫边的材料成份和制作工艺的不同，其寿命也会不尽相同。其次就要数硅橡胶边了，它的缺点主要是如果工艺不当，时间长了，容易老化而产生惰性变形和龟纹，而影响使用。当今扬声器制造厂还是广泛采用硅橡胶扼环和胶塑扼环为多数。而使喇叭单体的寿命大大延长的扼环，是布边扼环 ，它大部分用在扬声器上，但也有用在民用产物上。
1. Horn unit. The main structure of the horn unit is composed of choke ring, sound basin, fixed core support, magnetic circuit (including magnet, t iron and voice coil), basin frame, etc. except that the voice coil is burned out in abnormal use, it is mainly choke ring and sound basin. Choke: the life cycle of choke material is selvage, plastic plastic composite edge, silicone rubber edge, foam edge. The foam edge is easy to damage. Due to the use of the foam edge horn unit, the fracture is almost scrapped within 3-5 years of normal use. Of course, the life of foam edge is different from that of material and process. Secondly, we should count the silicone rubber edge. Its disadvantage is that if the process is improper and the time is long, it is easy to age and produce inert deformation and moire, which will affect the use. Nowadays, silicone rubber chokes and rubber plastic chokes are widely used in speaker manufacturers. The choke ring that greatly prolongs the service life of the loudspeaker unit is the cloth edge choke ring. Most of it is used in professional loudspeakers, but it is also useful in civil products.
2、音盆。音盆在喇叭单元使用中，采取了多种材料形式：其防弹布、纤维编织盆、笔笔盆、云母聚丙烯盆、铝镁合金盆之类的问题倒不大，主要是纸基或纸基复合盆，由于蛋白纤维的存在，在南方潮湿地区几乎不可避免的被霉菌侵蚀，即我们常见的霉点与白斑而令人头疼。这种音盆的所表现出的音色柔美、淳厚而倍受扬声器厂的青睐。那么怎样保养的问题，尤其是对高挡喇叭的保养倍受发烧友们关注。
2. Sound basin. In the use of loudspeaker unit, the sound basin adopts a variety of material forms: its bulletproof cloth, fiber woven basin, PP basin, mica polypropylene basin and aluminum magnesium alloy basin have little problems, mainly paper-based or paper-based composite basin. Due to the existence of protein fiber, it is almost inevitable to be eroded by mold in the humid areas of South China, that is, our common mold spots and white spots make people headache. This kind of sound basin is favored by the speaker factory because of its soft and honest timbre. So how to maintain the problem, especially the maintenance of high gear horn, has attracted the attention of enthusiasts.
3、盆架：盆架目前广泛彩的有二种材料，即薄铁皮冲压盆架和铝盆架，当然还有其他材料的，如尼龙塑料盆架。进口和国产高档喇叭单元大部分采用的是铝盆架，它强度高和抗震性能优越，比普通冲压铁制盆架要好得多。不过小口径的单元倒也无所谓了。还有定心支架(即黄板)都是经过特殊工艺生产的布麻制品，只要不脱胶，也没啥好说的了。
3. Pot rack: at present, there are two kinds of widely colored pot racks, namely thin iron stamping pot rack and aluminum pot rack. Of course, there are other materials, such as nylon plastic pot rack. Most of the imported and domestic high-grade horn units use aluminum basin frame, which has high strength and superior seismic performance, which is much better than the ordinary stamping iron basin frame. But small caliber units don't matter. There are also centering brackets (i.e. yellow board) which are cloth and linen products produced by special processes. As long as they don't degumm, there's nothing to say.
4、磁体：磁体几乎无须保养，不过时候长了会有一点失磁现象，但对整体表现影响并不大，顶多是灵敏度有点下降，仅仅是微乎其微而已，防磁喇叭要比普通不防磁的情况要好得多。
4. Magnet: there is almost no need to maintain the magnet, but it will lose magnetism a little over time, but it has little impact on the overall performance. At most, the sensitivity decreases a little, but it is only very small. The antimagnetic horn is much better than the ordinary case without antimagnetism.
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