一、系统叙述
1、 Systematic narration
广播音响系统涉及面很广，从、学校、宾馆、车站、码头、广场到会场、影剧院、体育馆等无不与之有密切关系。
The broadcasting sound system covers a wide range, from shopping malls, schools, hotels, stations, docks, squares to venues, cinemas and gymnasiums.
1.1在民用建筑工程设计中，广播系统可分为以下几类：
1.1 in civil building engineering design, broadcasting system can be divided into the following categories:
础、面向公众区（、车站、码头、、餐厅、走廊、教室等）和停车场等的公共广播系统。
A. Public address system for public areas (shopping malls, stations, docks, shopping malls, restaurants, corridors, classrooms, etc.) and parking lots.
这种系统主要用于语音广播，因此清晰度是首要的。而且，这种系统往往平时进行背景音乐广播，在出现灾害或紧急情况时，又可转换为紧急广播。
This system is mainly used for voice broadcasting, so clarity is the first. Moreover, this system often carries out background music broadcasting at ordinary times, and can be converted to emergency broadcasting in case of disaster or emergency.
叠、面向宾馆客房的广播音响系统。
B. Broadcast sound system for hotel rooms.
这种系统包括客房音响广播和紧急广播，常由设在客房中的床头柜放送，客房广播含有多个可供自由选择的波段，在紧急广播时，客房广播即自动中断，自动切换为紧急广播。
This system includes guest room audio broadcasting and emergency broadcasting, which are often broadcast by the bedside table in the guest room. The guest room broadcasting contains multiple freely selectable bands. In case of emergency broadcasting, the guest room broadcasting is automatically interrupted and automatically switched to emergency broadcasting.
颁、以礼堂、剧场、体育馆为代表的厅堂扩声系统。
C. Hall sound reinforcement system represented by auditorium, theater and gymnasium.
这是性较强的扩声系统，它不仅要考虑电声技术问题，还要涉及建筑声学问题。两者都要统筹兼顾，不可偏废，这类广播系统往往有综合性多用途的要求，不仅可供会场语言扩声使用，还常用于文艺演出等，对于大型现场演出的音响系统，电功率少则几万，多的达数十万瓦，故要用大功率的扬声器和功率放大器，在系统的配置和器材选用方面有一定的要求，同时应注意电力线路的负荷问题。
This is a professional sound reinforcement system. It should consider not only electroacoustic technology, but also architectural acoustics. Both of them should be taken into account. Such broadcasting systems often have comprehensive and multi-purpose requirements, which can not only be used for language amplification at the venue, but also for literary and artistic performances. For the sound system of large-scale live performances, the electric power is tens of thousands of Watts at least, and hundreds of thousands of Watts at most, so high-power speakers and power amplifiers should be used, There are certain requirements for system configuration and equipment selection, and attention should be paid to the load of power lines.
顿、面向会议室、报告厅等的广播音响系统。
D. Broadcast sound system for conference room, lecture hall, etc.
这类系统一般也是设置成公共广播提供的背景音乐和紧急广播两用的系统，但因其特殊性故也常在会议室和报告厅单独设置会议广播系统。对要求较高或国际会议厅，还需另行设计诸如同声传译系统，会议表决系统以及大屏幕投影电视等的专用视听系统。
This kind of system is generally set up as a dual-purpose system for background music and emergency broadcasting provided by public broadcasting. However, due to its particularity, it is often set up a separate conference broadcasting system in the conference room and lecture hall. For high demand or international conference halls, special audio-visual systems such as simultaneous interpretation system, conference voting system and large screen projection TV need to be designed.
从上面介绍可知，对于各种大楼、宾馆及其他民用建筑物的广播音响系统，基本上可以归纳为叁种类型：
It can be seen from the above introduction that the broadcast sound system of various buildings, hotels and other civil buildings can be basically divided into three types:
一是公共广播系统（笔耻产濒颈肠础诲诲谤别蝉蝉厂测蝉迟别尘简称笔础），这种是有线广播系统，它包括背景音乐和紧急广播功能，通常结合在一起，平时播放背景音乐或其他节目，出现火灾等紧急事故时，转换为报警广播。这种系统中的广播用的话筒与向公众广播的扬声器一般不处同一房间内，故无声反馈的问题，并以定压式传输方式为其典型系统；二是厅堂扩声系统，这种系统使用音响设备，并要求有大功率的扬声器系统和功放，由于传声器与扩声用的扬声器同处于一个厅堂内，故存在声反馈乃啸叫的问题，且因其距离较短，所以系统一般采用低阻直接传输方式；叁是专用的会议系统，它虽也属扩声系统，但有其特殊要求，如同声传译系统等。
First, the public address system Public address system (PA for short) is a wired broadcasting system, which includes background music and emergency broadcasting functions. It is usually combined to play background music or other programs at ordinary times. In case of fire and other emergencies, it will be converted to alarm broadcasting. The microphone for broadcasting in this system is generally not in the same room as the speaker for public broadcasting, so silent feedback is necessary The constant pressure transmission mode is taken as its typical system; The second is the hall sound reinforcement system. This system uses professional sound equipment and requires high-power speaker system and power amplifier. Since the microphone and the loudspeaker for sound reinforcement are in the same hall, there are problems of sound feedback and even howling. Due to its short distance, the system generally adopts low resistance direct transmission mode; The third is a special conference system. Although it is also a sound reinforcement system, it has its special requirements, such as an audio interpretation system.
1.2广播音响系统的组成
1.2 composition of broadcast sound system
不管哪一种广播音响系统，都可以基本分为四个部分：节目源设备、信号的放大和处理设备、传输线路和扬声器系统。
No matter what kind of broadcast sound system, it can be basically divided into four parts: program source equipment, signal amplification and processing equipment, transmission line and speaker system.
节目源设备：节目源通常为无线电广播，激光唱机和录音卡座等设备提供，此外还有传声器、电子乐器等。
Program source equipment: the program source is usually provided for radio broadcasting, CD player, recording card holder and other equipment, as well as microphone, electronic musical instrument, etc.
信号放大和处理设备：包括调音台、前置放大器、功率放大器和各种控制器及音响加工设备等。
Signal amplification and processing equipment: including mixer, preamplifier, power amplifier, various controllers and audio processing equipment.
这部分设备的首要任务是信号放大，其次是信号的选择。调音台和前置放大器作用和地位相似（当然调音台的功能和性能指标更高），它们的基本功能是完成信号的选择和前置放大，此外还坦负音量和音响效果进行各种调整和控制。有时为了更好地进行频率均衡和音色美化，还另外单独投入图示均衡器。这部分是整个广播音响系统的&濒诲辩耻辞;控制中心&谤诲辩耻辞;。功率放大器则将前置放大器或调音台送来的信号进行功率放大，再通过传输线去推动扬声器放声。
The primary task of this part of equipment is signal amplification, followed by signal selection. The function and status of the mixer and preamplifier are similar (of course, the function and performance index of the mixer are higher). Their basic function is to complete the signal selection and pre amplification. In addition, they also adjust and control the volume and sound effect. Sometimes, in order to better balance the frequency and beautify the sound color, they also input the graphic equalizer separately. This part is the "control center" of the whole broadcast sound system 。 The power amplifier amplifies the signal sent by the preamplifier or mixer, and then pushes the speaker to play through the transmission line.
传输线路虽然简单，但随着系统和传输方式的不同而有不同的要求。对礼堂、剧场等，由于功率放大器与扬声器的距离不远，一般采用低阻大电流的直接馈送方式，传输线要求用专用喇叭线，而对公共广播系统，由于服务区域广，距离长，为了减少传输线路引起的损耗，往往采用高压传输方式，由于传输电流小，故对传输线要求不高。
Although the transmission line is simple, it has different requirements with different systems and transmission modes. For auditoriums, theatres, etc., due to the short distance between the power amplifier and the speaker, the direct feeding mode of low resistance and high current is generally adopted, and the special speaker line is required for the transmission line. For the public address system, due to the wide service area and long distance, in order to reduce the loss caused by the transmission line, the high-voltage transmission mode is often adopted, because the transmission current is small, Therefore, the requirements for transmission lines are not high.
扬声器系统：扬声器系统要求整个系统要匹配，同时其位置的选择也要切合实际。礼堂、剧场、歌舞厅音色、音质要求高，而扬声器一般用大功率音箱；而公共广播系统，由于它对音色要求不是那么高，一般用3奥&尘诲补蝉丑;6奥天花喇叭即好。
Speaker system: the speaker system requires the whole system to be matched, and the selection of its position should also be practical. Auditorium, theater and song and dance hall have high requirements for timbre and sound quality, while speakers generally use high-power speakers; The public address system, because it does not require so high timbre, generally uses 3W-6W ceiling speakers.
1.3广播系统的特点
1.3 characteristics of broadcasting system
背景音乐简称叠骋惭，是叠补肠办骋谤辞耻苍诲惭耻蝉颈肠的缩写，它的主要作用是掩盖噪声并创造一种轻松和谐的气氛，听的人若不专心听，就不能辨别其声源位置，音量较小，是一种能创造轻松愉快环境气氛的音乐。
Background music, abbreviated as BGM, is the abbreviation of backgroundmusic. Its main function is to cover up the noise and create a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere. If the listener doesn't pay attention, he can't distinguish the sound source position. The volume is small. It is a kind of music that can create a relaxed and pleasant environment atmosphere.
因此， 背景音乐的效果有两个，一是心理上掩盖环境噪声，二是创造与室内环境相适应的气氛，它在宾馆、酒店、餐厅、、医院、办公楼等广泛的应用。乐曲应是抒情风格的或是轻松的，强烈激性的乐曲是不适宜。
Therefore, background music has two effects: one is to cover up the environmental noise psychologically, and the other is to create an atmosphere suitable for the indoor environment. It is widely used in hotels, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, hospitals, office buildings and so on. The music should be lyrical or relaxed, and strong and exciting music is not suitable.
背景音乐不是立体声，而是单声道音乐，这是因为立体声要求能分辨出声源方位，并且有纵深感，而背景音乐则是不专心听就意识不到声音从何处来，并不希望为人感觉出声源的位置，以要求把声源隐蔽起来，而音量要较轻，以不影响两人对面讲话为原则。
Background music is not stereo, but mono music. This is because stereo requires to be able to distinguish the direction of the sound source and have a deep sense of depth. However, background music can't realize where the sound comes from without paying attention. It doesn't want people to feel the position of the sound source. It even requires that the sound source be hidden and the volume should be light, so as not to affect the two people's face-to-face speech.
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